What is the primary cause of malignant hyperthermia?

What is the primary cause of malignant hyperthermia?

• A. Autosomal dominant mutation in the ACTH receptor
• B. Hypermetabolic response to certain anesthetics
• C. Excessive calcium absorption in the muscles
• D. Severe dehydration during surgery

Answer: (B)

The primary cause of malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic response to certain anesthetic agents, specifically volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. This condition is genetically predisposed, typically involving a mutation in the ryanodine receptor (RYR1), which is responsible for calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. When triggered by specific anesthetics, this mutation leads to excessive calcium release, resulting in increased muscle metabolism, rapid rise in body temperature, acidosis, and muscle rigidity. The other choices do not accurately describe the primary cause. For instance, mutations in the ACTH receptor are unrelated to malignant hyperthermia and pertain to different conditions, such as adrenal disorders. Excessive calcium absorption in the muscles, while a part of the pathological process, does not pinpoint the triggering mechanism of malignant hyperthermia itself. Severe dehydration during surgery can lead to complications, but it is not a primary cause of malignant hyperthermia. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific response to anesthetic agents as the central issue in malignant hyperthermia.

The primary cause of malignant hyperthermia is a hypermetabolic response to certain anesthetic agents, specifically volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine. This condition is genetically predisposed, typically involving a mutation in the ryanodine receptor (RYR1), which is responsible for calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells. When triggered by specific anesthetics, this mutation leads to excessive calcium release, resulting in increased muscle metabolism, rapid rise in body temperature, acidosis, and muscle rigidity.

The other choices do not accurately describe the primary cause. For instance, mutations in the ACTH receptor are unrelated to malignant hyperthermia and pertain to different conditions, such as adrenal disorders. Excessive calcium absorption in the muscles, while a part of the pathological process, does not pinpoint the triggering mechanism of malignant hyperthermia itself. Severe dehydration during surgery can lead to complications, but it is not a primary cause of malignant hyperthermia. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific response to anesthetic agents as the central issue in malignant hyperthermia.